Chapter: Stages of Matter (Class 11 Chemistry)
1️⃣ Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)
Q1. What is matter?
Ans: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
Q2. Name the three classical states of matter.
Ans: Solid, Liquid, and Gas.
Q3. Which state of matter is highly compressible?
Ans: Gaseous state.
Q4. Give one example of a substance that shows sublimation.
Ans: Camphor (or dry ice).
Q5. Which state of matter has the highest kinetic energy?
Ans: Gaseous state.
2️⃣ Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)
Q6. Why do solids have a fixed shape?
Ans: In solids, particles are closely packed and held by strong intermolecular forces. Their movement is limited to vibrations, which gives solids a fixed shape.
Q7. Why are gases easily compressible?
Ans: Gas particles are far apart with large empty spaces between them. When pressure is applied, these spaces decrease, making gases easily compressible.
Q8. What is evaporation?
Ans: Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into vapour at a temperature below its boiling point.
Q9. Define condensation with an example.
Ans: Condensation is the change of gas into liquid on cooling.
Example: Formation of water droplets on the outer surface of a cold glass.
3️⃣ Difference-Based Questions (3 Marks)
Q10. Differentiate between Solid and Liquid.
| Solid | Liquid |
|---|---|
| Fixed shape | No fixed shape |
| Strong intermolecular force | Weaker intermolecular force |
| Particles vibrate at fixed positions | Particles can slide |
Q11. Differentiate between Liquid and Gas.
| Liquid | Gas |
|---|---|
| Fixed volume | No fixed volume |
| Slightly compressible | Highly compressible |
| Moderate kinetic energy | High kinetic energy |
4️⃣ Long Answer Questions (4–5 Marks)
Q12. Explain the interconversion of states of matter.
Ans:
Interconversion of states of matter refers to the change of matter from one physical state to another by changing temperature or pressure.
- Solid to liquid: Melting
- Liquid to gas: Vaporization
- Gas to liquid: Condensation
- Liquid to solid: Freezing
- Solid to gas: Sublimation
These are physical changes and do not affect the chemical composition of the substance.
Q13. Explain plasma as a state of matter.
Ans:
Plasma is the fourth state of matter in which gas particles become ionized due to very high temperature. It contains free electrons and ions and conducts electricity.
Examples include the sun, stars, and neon signs.
5️⃣ Assertion–Reason Questions
Q14. Assertion (A): Gases exert pressure on the walls of the container.
Reason (R): Gas particles move randomly at high speed.
Ans: Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
6️⃣ Case Study / Application-Based Question
Q15. Why do clothes dry faster on a windy day?
Ans: Wind removes water vapour near the clothes, increasing the rate of evaporation. Faster evaporation causes clothes to dry quickly.
7️⃣ HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills)
Q16. Why does ice float on water?
Ans: Ice has a lower density than water because of its open structure due to hydrogen bonding. Hence, it floats on water.
🔑 Exam Preparation Tips (NCERT Focus)
- Learn definitions word-to-word from NCERT
- Practice difference tables
- Understand real-life examples
- Revise interconversion diagrams
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