Structure of Atom: Important Questions for Exams

1. Very Short Answer Questions (1 Mark)

1. What is an atom?
2. Who discovered the electron?
3. What is the charge of an electron?
4. Define atomic number.
5. Define mass number.
6. What are isotopes?
7. What are isobars?
8. Name the particle present in the nucleus.
9. Write the symbol for alpha particle.
10. What is the charge on a proton?

2. Short Answer Questions (2–3 Marks)

1. Explain Thomson’s model of an atom.
2. Write two limitations of Rutherford’s atomic model.
3. What are isotopes? Give two examples.
4. What are isobars? Give two examples.
5. State the main postulates of Bohr’s atomic model.
6. Define orbit and orbital.
7. Write the electronic configuration of Na (Z = 11).
8. What is the significance of atomic number?
9. Explain the term atomic mass.
10. Why do atoms combine to form molecules?

3. Long Answer Questions (4–5 Marks)

1. Explain Rutherford’s alpha particle scattering experiment with conclusions.
2. Describe Bohr’s atomic model and its limitations.
3. Explain the discovery of electrons with J.J. Thomson’s experiment.
4. Write the differences between Thomson’s and Rutherford’s atomic models.
5. Explain the structure of an atom with a neat diagram.
6. Describe isotopes and isobars with examples and uses.
7. Explain how electrons are arranged in different shells.

4. Numerical Problems (Important)

1. Find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in:
   • (a) ²³₁₁Na
   • (b) ³⁵₁₇Cl
2. An element has atomic number 17 and mass number 37. Find:
   • Number of neutrons
3. Write the electronic configuration of elements with atomic numbers:
   • 2, 8, 10, 18
4. Calculate the valency of an element with electronic configuration 2, 8, 7.

5. Assertion–Reason Questions (Practice)

1. Assertion: Isotopes have the same chemical properties.
   Reason: They have the same atomic number.
2. Assertion: An atom is electrically neutral.
   Reason: Number of protons equals number of electrons.

6. Case Study / Competency-Based Questions

1. Based on Bohr’s atomic model, explain why electrons do not fall into the nucleus.
2. Analyze how atomic structure helps in understanding chemical reactions.

📌 Exam Tips

• Practice numericals regularly.
• Learn definitions and differences properly.
• Draw neat diagrams for Rutherford and Bohr models.
• Remember key formulas and electronic configurations.

If you want, I can also provide:
✔️ MCQs
✔️ One-page revision notes
✔️ Board-exam–oriented answers
✔️ Class 9 or Class 11 specific questions

Just tell me 😊

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